how to view association among File Groups, System Logical and Physical Files and Tables

You can use this code to view file group, logical filename and physical filename associated to a table. It can be beneficial if you have large number of database files and want to see objects (tables) in a file or to view the file associated to a table.

To see whole list of tables in each data file
A table can have only one value at a time in index table (0 or 1), 1 for clustered index and 0 for heap, so you can use both values, if a table has clustered index it will not have heap associated value in index table and vice versa.

SELECT OBJECT_NAME(SI.OBJECT_ID) AS OBJECTNAME
,SI.DATA_SPACE_ID AS FILE_GROUP_ID
,SFG.NAME AS FILE_GROUP_NAME
,SF.NAME AS LOGICAL_FILE_NAME
,SF.FILENAME AS PHYSICAL_FILE_NAME
FROM SYS.INDEXES SI
INNER JOIN SYS.FILEGROUPS SFG ON SFG.DATA_SPACE_ID=SI.DATA_SPACE_ID
INNER JOIN SYS.SYSFILES SF ON SF.GROUPID = SFG.DATA_SPACE_ID
WHERE SI.INDEX_ID IN (0,1)

To see whole list of tables in a specific data file
You can get file id or file name or logical file name from below query or you can use FILE_ID() function if you know logical file name.

SELECT FILEID, FILENAME, NAME FROM SYS.SYSFILES

SELECT OBJECT_NAME(SI.OBJECT_ID) AS OBJECTNAME
,SI.DATA_SPACE_ID AS FILE_GROUP_ID
,SFG.NAME AS FILE_GROUP_NAME
,SF.NAME AS LOGICAL_FILE_NAME
,SF.FILENAME AS PHYSICAL_FILE_NAME
FROM SYS.INDEXES SI
INNER JOIN SYS.FILEGROUPS SFG ON SFG.DATA_SPACE_ID=SI.DATA_SPACE_ID
INNER JOIN SYS.SYSFILES SF ON SF.GROUPID = SFG.DATA_SPACE_ID
WHERE SF.FILEID = FILE_ID('Logical File Name')

To see filename for a table
SELECT OBJECT_NAME(SI.OBJECT_ID) AS OBJECTNAME
,SI.DATA_SPACE_ID AS FILE_GROUP_ID
,SFG.NAME AS FILE_GROUP_NAME
,SF.NAME AS LOGICAL_FILE_NAME
,SF.FILENAME AS PHYSICAL_FILE_NAME
FROM SYS.INDEXES SI
INNER JOIN SYS.FILEGROUPS SFG ON SFG.DATA_SPACE_ID=SI.DATA_SPACE_ID
INNER JOIN SYS.SYSFILES SF ON SF.GROUPID = SFG.DATA_SPACE_ID
WHERE SI.OBJECT_ID = OBJECT_ID('Table Name')